Here is some SLD examples what i’d used.
Empty star with default marks
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<PointSymbolizer>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> star</WellKnownName>
<Fill>
<CssParameter name= "fill" > #000000</CssParameter>
</Fill>
</Mark>
<Size> 18</Size>
</Graphic>
</PointSymbolizer>
<PointSymbolizer>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> star</WellKnownName>
<Fill>
<CssParameter name= "fill" > #FF0000</CssParameter>
</Fill>
</Mark>
<Size> 16</Size>
</Graphic>
</PointSymbolizer>
<PointSymbolizer>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> star</WellKnownName>
<Fill>
<CssParameter name= "fill" > #FFFFFF</CssParameter>
</Fill>
</Mark>
<Size> 10</Size>
</Graphic>
</PointSymbolizer>
All three point symbolizers pretty same, just difference in size and colour.
Just make sure that you put a smallest mark on the top and biggest on down.
Railroad
<LineSymbolizer>
<Stroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke" > #00FF00</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</LineSymbolizer>
<LineSymbolizer>
<Stroke>
<GraphicStroke>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> shape://vertline</WellKnownName>
<Stroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke" > #808080</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-width" > 1</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</Mark>
<Size> 8</Size>
</Graphic>
</GraphicStroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dasharray" > 10 30</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</LineSymbolizer>
<LineSymbolizer>
<Stroke>
<GraphicStroke>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> shape://vertline</WellKnownName>
<Stroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke" > #808080</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-width" > 1</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</Mark>
<Size> 8</Size>
</Graphic>
</GraphicStroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dasharray" > 10 30</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dashoffset" > 5</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</LineSymbolizer>
And little bit complex.
<LineSymbolizer>
<Stroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke" > #00FF00</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</LineSymbolizer>
<LineSymbolizer>
<Stroke>
<GraphicStroke>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> shape://vertline</WellKnownName>
<Stroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke" > #808080</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-width" > 1</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</Mark>
<Size> 8</Size>
</Graphic>
</GraphicStroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dasharray" > 10 30</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</LineSymbolizer>
<LineSymbolizer>
<Stroke>
<GraphicStroke>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> shape://vertline</WellKnownName>
<Stroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke" > #808080</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-width" > 1</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</Mark>
<Size> 8</Size>
</Graphic>
</GraphicStroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dasharray" > 10 30</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dashoffset" > 5</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</LineSymbolizer>
<LineSymbolizer>
<Stroke>
<GraphicStroke>
<Graphic>
<Mark>
<WellKnownName> shape://vertline</WellKnownName>
<Stroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke" > #808080</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-width" > 1</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</Mark>
<Size> 8</Size>
</Graphic>
</GraphicStroke>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dasharray" > 10 30</CssParameter>
<CssParameter name= "stroke-dashoffset" > 10</CssParameter>
</Stroke>
</LineSymbolizer>
You can continue this just by adding next LineSymbolizer with same parameters, but increase stroke-dashoffset .